Dalmia
Slag Cleaning Furnace. In this furnace, copper rich oxide slags are melted in electric arc furnaces and coke & copper pyrite are added to reduce copper content in the slag. In order to increase reaction rate, slag is over-heated to produce low viscosity aggressive slag. Dalmia-OCL's Co-clinker series Magnesia Chrome bricks have excellent ...
Comprehensive review on metallurgical recycling and cleaning of copper slag
Section snippets Generation and cleaning of copper slag. Copper pyrometallurgy, which is the primary method for the production of copper can be classified into different types, such as conventional copper smelting process (e.g. blast furnace smelting, reverberatory furnace smelting, and electric-furnace smelting), and modern …
Comparison of environmental performance of modern …
The typical process steps in the pyrometallurgical processing are smelting, converting, fire-refining and anode casting followed by tankhouse electrorefining to …
Alternatives of Copper (I) Oxide Reduction in a Copper Slag Cleaning
Hence, the recent trends of copper smelting invariably lead to significant copper loss in slag, which needs to be recovered by means of reduction and settling in a separate slag cleaning furnace. The reduction of Cu 2 O from slags is carried out by adding carbon/coke or by injection of various reductants (e.g., different types of oil or …
Furnace Tapping Practices and Taphole Refractory …
Furnace tapping is the practice of removing molten metal or slag from a smelting furnace in a controlled manner. The furnace tapholes experience wear at a rate which is typically more elevated than other regions of the furnace, and the maintenance of these areas is of critical importance for both safety and production. The practices …
Alternatives of Copper (I) Oxide Reduction in a Copper …
Using the developed computational model, we simulated copper (I) oxide reduc-tion from of the initial mass fraction of copper (I) oxide in the slag (e.g., 4 wt.%) down to 25% (e.g., 1 wt.%) in all six cases (Table 1). In each case this took a different amount of time to achieve. The longest reduction time was recorded in the case ...
Using a Direct-Current Arc Furnace to Recover Cobalt …
tity of iron as oxide in the slag. Ni-Cu SLAG CLEANING Many nickel-copper smelters employ a slag-cleaning process whereby the con-centrates are fed to a furnace that pro-duces a matte (for further treatment) and a slag (which is stockpiled). The furnace matte is treated in a converter (often a Peirce-Smith) to remove most of the remaining iron ...
Control of slag formation in the electric furnace smelting of
... Controlling the slag basicity in smelting with nickel laterite using an AC-arc furnace in RKEF also can reduce energy consumption by promoting the formation of …
Rectangular furnace design and revolutionary DC-slag …
in copper, nickel, cobalt, lead, tin, zinc and precious metals (platinum/palladium) production10. Copper Slag cleaning furnaces are commonly connected to copper smelting units such as Teniente and Noranda converters and Outokumpu flash smelters. The main function of the furnace is the reduction of the copper level in the slag11.
Copper Smelting Slag Cleaning in an Electric Furnace by
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Schematic diagram of the slag cleaning electric furnace.researchgate(PDF) USE OF COPPER SLAG AS SUSTAINABLE …researchgateRecommended to you based on what's popular • FeedbackControl of slag formation in the electric furnace smelting of
WEBControlling slag formation by regulating the components of the slag is an effective means to reduce the smelting temperature and decrease the energy …
Recovery of Valuable Metals from Nickel Smelting Slag …
Nickel smelting slag contains valuable metals including nickel and copper. Failure to recycle these metals wastes resources, and disposal of nickel slag in stockpiles results in environmental pollution. Nickel slag recycling is important, and metals can be recovered from slag by flotation. However, considering the complex forms in which …
(PDF) Nickel Laterite Smelting Processes and …
A slag obtained from a ferro-nickel smelter in China was mixed with sintered magnesia of 94.5% purity and briquetted. The sintering of the briquettes was performed using a mu ffl e furnace in the ...
Ausmelt TSL Process
Nickel smelting and converting Ausmelt TSL Furnaces have been designed, built and operated to handle nickel concentrates with nickel content as low as 5%. Nickel converting is also available to upgrade low grade mattes before refining. PGM recovery can be targeted specifically using the Ausmelt TSL Process. Similarly,
Reaction Sequences in Flash Smelting and Converting Furnaces …
Abstract Flash smelting and flash converting are mature technologies in copper and nickel sulfide smelting. The sensitivity of operation concerning the furnace design is evident. It is obvious that when two unit operations are carried out in separate spaces in the same furnace, skills related to maintenance of suspension oxidation of fine …
ISASMELT™ TSL – MAKING A SPLASH FOR NICKEL
The basic process block diagram for a primary smelting nickel ISASMELT™ plant is shown in Figure 4. The nickel ISASMELT™ furnace continuously processes concentrate feed, fluxes, and recycled dust. The product liquid matte and slag is tapped periodically from the ISASMELT™ vessel to a separate slag cleaning furnace via a single taphole.
Cleaning of waste smelter slags and recovery of valuable …
Many papers have shown that slag from nickel and copper smelters contains more than 98% iron and cobalt and only 54-95% nickel and copper as oxides, depending on the processing and furnace types ...
Nickel Metallurgy | SpringerLink
The mining grade of nickel sulfide ore is generally 0.3–2%. Copper-nickel bulk concentrate containing 4–8% nickel is usually selected by flotation. ... In 1992, the Outotec flash smelting furnace (synthetic furnace) with a self-attached slag cleaning electric furnace was completed and put into operation, and the low-shaft electric …
Development of Electric Furnace Slag Cleaning at a …
Development of Electric Furnace Slag Cleaning at a Secondary Copper Smelter. Authors: Harold P. Rajcevic. William R. Opie. Abstract. The use of an electric …
The Submerged Arc Furnace (SAF): State-of-the …
The metals in smelting and converting slags are present either dissolved, present mostly as ions (e.g., for copper slag as Cu + ions) or as entrained droplets of matte. The dissolved metals is associated …
(PDF) Electric Slag Furnace Dimensioning
Furnace resistance is a function of the complex interrelationship between many factors including: operating practice, slag conductivity, temperature, power intensity, and geometry (electrode shape ...
Slag Chemistry and Behavior of Nickel and Tin in Black Copper Smelting …
The oxygen partial pressure range between 10 –11 and 10 –8 atm was used in the experiments to simulate different unit processes in copper smelting, especially the ones operating in reducing conditions (e.g., slag cleaning process and reduction step in Ausmelt type of furnace). The behavior of these battery metals in the same experimental ...
Distribution Behaviours of Cu, Co and Fe during Cu Smelter Slag …
The results show that the distributions of Cu and Co are mainly enriched in Cu-Co matte, and the distribution ratio, L Cu and L Co, improve with increasing of coke amount or pyrite addition, whereas above 6 wt.% coke or 20 wt.% pyrite, Cu and Co tend to transfer from matte to cleaned slag. A properly high temperature (1300°C) and smelting ...
"Around the Nickel World in Eighty Days": A Virtual Tour
It is noted that formerly, there were several laterite nickel plants in Russia, some blast furnaces producing a form of what is now called nickel pig iron. All laterite smelters in Russia have now closed due to the low grade of the ore. The 2 smelters visited produced 213kt Ni in 2019 (99% of the total Russia nickel smelter production).
Reaction Sequences in Flash Smelting and Converting Furnaces: An …
Abstract and Figures. Flash smelting and flash converting are mature technologies in copper and nickel sulfide smelting. The sensitivity of operation concerning the furnace design is evident. It ...
Recycling of Nickel-Slag Tailings into Liquid Products: A
We have developed a scheme for reprocessing of nickel slag tailings, including an industrial-scale step-bystep pyrometallurgical process (Fig. 5) in which it is unnecessary for the slag to completely cool for separation of the bottom ingot. The settling occurs in a thermal ore furnace or equivalent smelter . The molten silicate slag (mostly ...
12.3 Primary Copper Smelting
dried and heated charge for the smelting furnace. Smelting of roasted (calcine feed) or unroasted (green feed) ore concentrate produces matte, a molten mixture of copper sulfide (Cu2S), iron sulfide (FeS), and some heavy metals. Converting the matte yields a high-grade "blister" copper, with 98.5 to 99.5 percent copper.
Comprehensive review on metallurgical recycling and …
Copper slag, generated mainly during copper smelting, and classified as a potentially harmful waste, is an important secondary resource containing not only …
Nickel recovery from electric arc furnace slag by magnetic separation
During the pyrometallurgical treatment of the nickel-bearing laterite in the plant of G.M.M. S.A. LARCO, slag is produced after treatment in electric-arc furnace (EAF) that contains 0.10 to 0.20 % ...
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR COPPER …
The smelting and converting El Teniente process for copper concentrates as well as slag cleaning furnace technologies to treat slags coming out from the El Teniente furnaces are widely applied ...
Electric Smelting Furnace of Ore
Electrode consumption was 4 kilograms per metric ton of material smelted. The Westly furnace, used 3-Phase, 50-cycle alternating current at 112 to 230 volts. The several sizes were of 200- to 900 kw. …