Tar Sands Mining Hits the American West | Audubon
Published September - October 2015. In June more than 100 U.S. and Canadian scientists signed a letter calling for a moratorium on the mining of tar sands, the sticky oil deposits whose extraction has blighted huge swaths of the landscape in Canada. Tar sands, which can produce 20 percent more greenhouse gas emissions in total than even ...
A review of the occurrence, distribution, and impact of …
The oldest sediments within the Nigeria sector of the Dahomey basin are Late-Cretaceous in age consisting of grits, sandstones, and mudstones overlain by marginal to marine sands of the Maastrichtian age, here we have the Afowo Formation renowned for hosting tar-sand or bitumen deposits (Akinmosin et al., 2015; Ako et al., 1983; Okosun, …
The Occurrence of Tar Sands at Ijebu-Itele, Eastern Dahomey …
adewale akinmosin. 2015. This work is an addition to our previous effort on the tar sand deposits in southwestern, Nigeria. Electrical resistivity sounding and profiling using …
The Opposite of Mining: Tar Sands Steam Extraction …
Conklin is one of the frontier towns of a new tar sands boom, given that 80 percent of the at least 170 billion barrels in the Canadian province's tar sands are only accessible this way rather ...
(PDF) Solid Mineral Deposits and Mining in Nigeria: -A …
The solid minerals and mining sector contributed a paltry 0.5% to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2018, with annual production averaging 40 million metric tons valued at about 34 billion naira ...
Article Open Access EXPLOITATION OF BITUMEN FROM NIGERIAN TAR SAND
These unconventional energy resources like oil sand, shale oil, shale gas, tight gas, are fast (PDF) Article Open Access EXPLOITATION OF BITUMEN FROM NIGERIAN TAR SAND USING HOT-WATER/STEAM STIMULA-TION PROCESS | Shadrach Ogiriki - …
Upgrading and extraction of bitumen from Nigerian tar sand …
Production of bitumen from tar sands by surface mining. ... Many countries, including Venezuela, Kazakhstan, Russia, Nigeria, Trinidad, Madagascar, Egypt, and etc., have shallow deposits of tar sand, ... In addition, intensive energy is required to process the sands into crude oil. Oil sands operations currently use about 2 billion cubic feet ...
Aspects of tar sands development in Nigeria
@article{osti_7310251, title = {Aspects of tar sands development in Nigeria}, author = {Adewusi, V A}, abstractNote = {Development of Nigerian massive reserves of crude bitumen and associated heavy oil is imminent in view of the impacts that the huge importation of these materials and their products have on the nation's economy, coupled …
(PDF) PROSPECTS OF TAR SAND IN NIGERIA ENERGY MIX …
PROSPECTS OF TAR SAND IN NIGERIA ENERGY MIX A Technical Paper Submitted. PROSPECTS OF TAR SAND IN NIGERIA ENERGY MIX A Technical Paper Submitted. Nweke I Francis. In ancient times, the Elamites, Chaldeans, Akkadians, and Sumerians mined shallow deposits of asphalt, or bitumen occurring in tar sand for their own use.
A Review of the Nigerian Minerals/Mining Act 2007 for …
A study of the earth is important in learning about minerals. Geology is the study of the dynamics and physical history of the earth, the rock of which it is composed, and the physical, chemical and biological changes that the earth has undergone or is still undergoing. Minerals are of different types and appear in different shapes and sizes.
10 Threats from the Canadian Tar Sands Industry
2. The production process wastes enormous quantities of freshwater. Tar sands mines use 2.4 barrels of freshwater for every barrel of tar sands produced. Companies get the water from the Athabasca ...
Oil Sands Mining Uses Up Almost as Much Energy as It Produces
Tar sands retrieved by surface mining has an EROI of only about 5:1, according to research released Tuesday. Tar sands retrieved from deeper beneath the earth, through steam injection, fares even ...
Prospects of Tar Sand in Nigeria Energy Mix
Nigeria's bitumen holds great attraction for the foreign investor because it offers high returns on investment given that Tar sand are more amenable to open mining and gravity drainage, have a potential for steam assistance (SAG-D), while its Sulphur content is adjudged to be very low - between 0.98 and 1.2%.
Tar Sand
The extraction of bitumen-derived crude oil follows several steps. The first step is the extraction of the heavy oil from the rock. Tar sands (7% bitumen by weight from the tar sands) and oil shale contain relatively low concentrations of hydrocarbons. Some loss (< 10% of bitumen) occurs in the primary extraction process.
tar sand mining process in nigeria
tar sand mining process in nigeria. Tar sand Article about tar sand by The Free Dictionary London, said: "We aim to show the technique could be used to recycle the prodigious amounts of water necessary to process tar sand and tar sand deposits over the Okitipupa ridge in the Dahomey basin provided the initial impetus for oil exploration in …
BITUMEN IN NIGERIA
mining and (3) in-situ extraction (see Figure 2). The depth of bitumen below the surface determines which extraction type is possible. Both in-situ and large-scale surface mining operations are most Nigeria's bitumen, also known as oil sands, has not yet been exploited, but is a potential source of future revenue for Nigeria.
(PDF) Physical and Chemical Characterization of Oil Sands …
In Nigeria, tar sands occur within a belt cross Ogun, Ondo, and Edo states in southwestern Nigeria extending about 140km, (MSMD, 2006). Several researchers have studied the tar sand deposits of Nigeria. For effective production by in situ combustion from a tar sand reservoir, various rock properties of the tar sands should be studied vividly.
(PDF) Prospects of Oil Sands Mining in Nigeria
The presence of oil sands deposit at a very shallow depth was confirmed indicating that surface mining can be carried out in the area. Therefore, oil sands should be developed in Nigeria for the ...
Environmental consequences of oil production from oil sands
Table 2. Oil Sands Deposits in the World. Actual Production and Projected Production in Year 2040 From Surface Mining and In Situ Extraction [Wykes and Heywood, 2010; Alberta Oil Sands Industry, 2016], Remaining Oil in Place and Proved Oil Reserves.ZERO VALUES Are Used for Areas Where No Extraction Is Expected to …
(PDF) Geophysical and Sedimentological Characterization of a Tar Sand
In Nigeria, tar sands occur within a belt cross Ogun, Ondo, and Edo states in southwestern Nigeria extending about 140km, (MSMD, 2006). Several researchers have studied the tar sand deposits of Nigeria. For effective production by in situ combustion from a tar sand reservoir, various rock properties of the tar sands should be studied vividly.
Bitumen/Tar Sand Supplier in Nigeria | Wigmore Trading
Bitumen/Tar sand is a black or dark-brown viscous hydrocarbon, typically found in crude oil. It has a variety of uses, such as paving roads, roofing houses, and manufacturing asphalt. There are several types of bitumen/tar sand available, each with its own characteristics. Below are the most common types of bitumen/tar sand found in Nigeria ...
13 Pros and Cons of Tar Sands – Vittana
2. Extracting bitumen from tar sands is carbon-intensive. The emissions from the average tar sands operation are up to 15% higher than in standard crude oil processing procedures. This increase is due to the depth of the oil in tar sands and the separation process that is required to separate the bitumen from the other components. 3.
Prospects of Tar Sand in Nigeria Energy Mix
In order to be utilized, the hydrocarbons must be mined or extracted in site from the rock by the use of heat or solvents. The largest single hydrocarbon deposit in the world is the …
Prospects Of Improved Oil Recovery From Tar Sand In Nigeria
The recovery of bitumen from tar sand is a difficult process due to its high viscosity. Viscosity reduction is achieved mainly by injecting steam (300-340 °C) and solvents into the sands. These processes use more water and require larger amounts of energy than conventional oil extraction.
Bitumen Extraction from Tar Sands Using Solvent …
The aim of this study is to evaluate solvent technique of subsurface extraction of bitumen from Nigerian tar sands which is cost-effective and operational-efficient. This work …
Everything you need to know about the tar sands …
The tar sands are vast oil fields and mines in the Canadian province of Alberta. Seen from the sky, the tar sands reach beyond the horizon and seem to go on forever, resembling a painful scar on the …
Tar Sand Extraction
To get one barrel of oil it takes 2 to 5 barrels of water and 250 cubic feet of natural gas. Around 90% of the Bitumen found will be recovered from the mining process. Hot water is added to the tar sands in order to separate the bitumen from the rest of the mixture. This is the "standard process for recovering bitumen from the sand and other ...
With Tar Sands Development, Growing Concern …
In recent years, however, in situ mining of tar sands — which involves injecting steam into tar sands deposits too deep to be surface-mined — has escalated. The oil is recovered through an …
Geochemical Analysis and Sedimentary Characteristics of …
Geochemical Analysis and Sedimentary Characteristics of the Nigerian Tar Sand; Implications on Classification, Maturity and Depositional Environment. United International Journal for Research & Technology (UIJRT), 2(5), pp.16-24. ... XYZ Uses Fishbone Method and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) ... in Rivers State, Nigeria …
Textural characteristics of the Nigerian tar sands
They would thus be expected to show identical response to mining processing, except for the influence of higher ground-water table and the high humidity and ambient temperatures in Nigeria. ... Geological map of southwestern Nigeria showing location of tar-sand deposits. 67 and Adegoke (1980, 1981). The latter recognised three …